Helmet Design
Learning Objectives: Baseball Helmet
Elements of the helmet:
Visor: Blocks out the sun’s rays, provides clearer vision
Ear holes: Provides unobstructed hearing
Padded plastic on earflap: Extends down on the batter’s jawline to cover their cheek bone
Our 3D models lack the ventilation and ear hole features. With more time using the 3D modeling software (Fusion 360), we would add these elements in.
Current Helmets:
S100 PRO COMP series batting helmet
Exterior: Aerospace-grade carbon fiber composite, capable of withstanding forces of up to 100mph
Interior: Inner lining is comprised of expanded polystyrene, an impact reducing material, and there is an additional fabric lining for comfort.
Newton’s Law of Motion:
In the first law, an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it. In the second law, the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.
Safety Standards and Materials:
Our helmet must be capable of withstanding forces between 3400 to 4000 newtons. This means that they should protect the user from the direct impact of fastballs ranging from 90 - 100 mph. Our helmet will meet this requirement through its use of the highest grade materials available on the market. The ball will come into contact with the aerospace-grade carbon fiber composite instead of the surface of the skull. The impact itself is reduced through the expanded polystyrene padding, dampening the blow of the hit and eliminating the risk of a Traumatic Brain Injury, or TBI.
A test system was designed featuring a humanoid head instrumented to determine the degree of hazard experienced by the model relative to a severe brain injury criterion in football impact simulation.
A batter’s helmet needs an ergonomic design that fits snug around the user’s head to provide proper protection and keep the user safe from TBI’s.
Look for batter’s helmets with labels that say “meets NOCSAE standard”
Key Concepts:Mass: The mass affects the momentum of the ball as it gets released
Acceleration: The ball decelerates when the pitch is thrown
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION:
u=(0.047N) / (3400N)
u=coefficient of friction
f=friction force
n=force
u=0.00001382N
CRUMPLE ZONES: No crumple zone
DRAG: fd→ = -½(cd)(e)(Av^2)(v→)/(|v|)
Cd→drag coefficient =0.40
e→density of air=1.23kg/m^3
A→cross-section of ball=0.00426m/s^2
v→/ |v| →in the direction of the velocity
Drag: 1.7 Newtons
This could potentially affect the non-linear motion of the ball in the air
INERTIA: The ball has a great deal of inertia.
G FORCE:The ball has 346G of force.
FRICTION: How much friction the ball encounters while moving through the air=0.047N
This affects the motion of the ball by slowing it down once the ball gets released from the hand
FORCE: the acceleration of a 90mph fastball is a velocity = -38m/s and exits the bat 58m/s. From this we can calculate that the force of the ball before contacting the bat is 3400N.
F=(0.14)(58)-(0.14)(-38)/(.004s)
F=(mass in kg)(final velocity) - (mass in kg)(initial velocity)/(contact time with bat)
KINETIC FRICTION (or dynamic friction):
KF=(0.520)(3400N)
KF=1768N
KF=(coefficient of kinetic friction)(mass of ball in newtons)
Sources:
We researched static values of baseballs, helmet materials, and key scientific concepts to collect the data included in this presentation. For questions about other sources we may have used, you can find my contact info on the homepage of this website.
https://www.sportdecals.com/blog/baseball/a-look-into-the-history-of-baseball-helmets/
https://westernreservepublicmedia.org/baseball/hit4.htm
https://www.cdc.gov/headsup/pdfs/helmets/HeadsUp_HelmetFactSheet_Batters_508.pdf
https://nocsae.org/certification/
Elements of the helmet:
Visor: Blocks out the sun’s rays, provides clearer vision
- Should be parallel to the ground, bottom of the pad inside the front of the helmet should be one inch above the athlete’s eyebrows
Ear holes: Provides unobstructed hearing
Padded plastic on earflap: Extends down on the batter’s jawline to cover their cheek bone
Our 3D models lack the ventilation and ear hole features. With more time using the 3D modeling software (Fusion 360), we would add these elements in.
Current Helmets:
S100 PRO COMP series batting helmet
Exterior: Aerospace-grade carbon fiber composite, capable of withstanding forces of up to 100mph
Interior: Inner lining is comprised of expanded polystyrene, an impact reducing material, and there is an additional fabric lining for comfort.
Newton’s Law of Motion:
In the first law, an object will not change its motion unless a force acts on it. In the second law, the force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.
Safety Standards and Materials:
Our helmet must be capable of withstanding forces between 3400 to 4000 newtons. This means that they should protect the user from the direct impact of fastballs ranging from 90 - 100 mph. Our helmet will meet this requirement through its use of the highest grade materials available on the market. The ball will come into contact with the aerospace-grade carbon fiber composite instead of the surface of the skull. The impact itself is reduced through the expanded polystyrene padding, dampening the blow of the hit and eliminating the risk of a Traumatic Brain Injury, or TBI.
A test system was designed featuring a humanoid head instrumented to determine the degree of hazard experienced by the model relative to a severe brain injury criterion in football impact simulation.
A batter’s helmet needs an ergonomic design that fits snug around the user’s head to provide proper protection and keep the user safe from TBI’s.
Look for batter’s helmets with labels that say “meets NOCSAE standard”
- This means that the helmet model has been tested and meets NOCSAE performance and protection standards
Key Concepts:Mass: The mass affects the momentum of the ball as it gets released
Acceleration: The ball decelerates when the pitch is thrown
COEFFICIENT OF FRICTION:
u=(0.047N) / (3400N)
u=coefficient of friction
f=friction force
n=force
u=0.00001382N
CRUMPLE ZONES: No crumple zone
DRAG: fd→ = -½(cd)(e)(Av^2)(v→)/(|v|)
Cd→drag coefficient =0.40
e→density of air=1.23kg/m^3
A→cross-section of ball=0.00426m/s^2
v→/ |v| →in the direction of the velocity
Drag: 1.7 Newtons
This could potentially affect the non-linear motion of the ball in the air
INERTIA: The ball has a great deal of inertia.
G FORCE:The ball has 346G of force.
FRICTION: How much friction the ball encounters while moving through the air=0.047N
This affects the motion of the ball by slowing it down once the ball gets released from the hand
FORCE: the acceleration of a 90mph fastball is a velocity = -38m/s and exits the bat 58m/s. From this we can calculate that the force of the ball before contacting the bat is 3400N.
F=(0.14)(58)-(0.14)(-38)/(.004s)
F=(mass in kg)(final velocity) - (mass in kg)(initial velocity)/(contact time with bat)
KINETIC FRICTION (or dynamic friction):
KF=(0.520)(3400N)
KF=1768N
KF=(coefficient of kinetic friction)(mass of ball in newtons)
Sources:
We researched static values of baseballs, helmet materials, and key scientific concepts to collect the data included in this presentation. For questions about other sources we may have used, you can find my contact info on the homepage of this website.
https://www.sportdecals.com/blog/baseball/a-look-into-the-history-of-baseball-helmets/
https://westernreservepublicmedia.org/baseball/hit4.htm
https://www.cdc.gov/headsup/pdfs/helmets/HeadsUp_HelmetFactSheet_Batters_508.pdf
https://nocsae.org/certification/